Táhneme na Brusel

[Zajda]

Article 10

Derogations for certain manufacturers

1. An application for a derogation from the specific emissions target calculated in accordance with Annex I may be made by a manufacturer of fewer than 10 000 new passenger cars or 22 000 new light commercial vehicles registered in the Union per calendar year, and which:

(a)


is not part of a group of connected manufacturers; or

(b)


is part of a group of connected manufacturers that is responsible in total for fewer than 10 000 new passenger cars or 22 000 new light commercial vehicles registered in the Union per calendar year; or

(c)


is part of a group of connected manufacturers but operates its own production facilities and design centre.

2. A derogation applied for under paragraph 1 may be granted for a maximum period of five calendar years, which is renewable. An application shall be made to the Commission and shall include:

(a)


the name of, and contact person for, the manufacturer;

(b)


evidence that the manufacturer is eligible for a derogation under paragraph 1;

(c)


details of the passenger cars or light commercial vehicles which it manufactures including the test mass and specific emissions of CO2 of those passenger cars or light commercial vehicles; and

(d)


a specific emissions target consistent with its reduction potential, including the economic and technological potential to reduce its specific emissions of CO2 and taking into account the characteristics of the market for the type of passenger car or light commercial vehicle manufactured.

3. Where the Commission considers that the manufacturer is eligible for a derogation applied for under paragraph 1 and is satisfied that the specific emissions target proposed by the manufacturer is consistent with its reduction potential, including the economic and technological potential to reduce its specific emissions of CO2, and taking into account the characteristics of the market for the type of passenger car or light commercial vehicle manufactured, the Commission shall grant a derogation to the manufacturer.

The application shall be submitted at the latest by 31 October of the first year in which the derogation shall apply.

4. An application for a derogation from the specific emissions target calculated in accordance with points 1 to 4 and 6.3 of Part A of Annex I may be made by a manufacturer which is responsible, together with all of its connected undertakings, for between 10 000 and 300 000 new passenger cars registered in the Union per calendar year.

Such application may be made by a manufacturer in respect of itself or in respect of itself together with any of its connected undertakings. An application shall be made to the Commission and shall include:

(a)


all of the information referred to in points (a) and (c) of paragraph 2, including, where relevant, information about any connected undertakings;

(b)


in relation to applications referring to points 1 to 4 of Part A of Annex I, a target which is a 45 % reduction on the average specific emissions of CO2 in 2007 or, where a single application is made in respect of a number of connected undertakings, a 45 % reduction on the average of those undertakings' average specific emissions of CO2 in 2007;

(c)


in relation to applications referring to point 6.3 of Part A of Annex I to this Regulation, a target applicable in the calendar years 2025 to 2028 which is the reduction specified in point (a) of Article 1(4) of this Regulation on the target calculated in accordance with point (b) of this paragraph taking into account the CO2 emissions measured pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2017/1151.

Where information on a manufacturer's average specific emissions of CO2 does not exist for the year 2007, the Commission shall determine an equivalent reduction target based upon the best available CO2 emissions reduction technologies deployed in passenger cars of comparable mass and taking into account the characteristics of the market for the type of car manufactured. That target shall be used by the applicant for the purposes of point (b) of the second subparagraph.

The Commission shall grant a derogation to the manufacturer where it is demonstrated that the criteria for the derogation referred to in this paragraph have been met.

5. A manufacturer which is subject to a derogation in accordance with this Article shall notify the Commission immediately of any change which affects or may affect its eligibility for a derogation.

6. Where the Commission considers, whether on the basis of a notification under paragraph 5 or otherwise, that a manufacturer is no longer eligible for the derogation, it shall revoke the derogation with effect from 1 January of the next calendar year and shall notify the manufacturer thereof.

7. Where the manufacturer does not attain its specific emissions target, the Commission shall impose the excess emissions premium on the manufacturer, as set out in Article 8.

8. The Commission is empowered to adopt delegated acts in accordance with Article 17 laying down rules to supplement paragraphs 1 to 7 of this Article, as regards the interpretation of the eligibility criteria for derogations, the content of the applications, and the content and assessment of programmes for the reduction of specific emissions of CO2.

The Commission is also empowered to adopt delegated acts in accordance with Article 17 to amend Part A of Annex I for the purpose of setting out the calculation formulae of the derogation targets referred to in point (c) of the second subparagraph of paragraph 4 of this Article.

9. Applications for a derogation, including the information supporting it, notifications under paragraph 5, revocations under paragraph 6, any imposition of an excess emissions premium under paragraph 7 and measures adopted pursuant to paragraph 8, shall be made publicly available, subject to Regulation (EC) No 1049/2001 of the European Parliament and of the Council (19).

Article 11

Eco-innovation

1. Upon application by a supplier or a manufacturer, CO2 savings achieved through the use of innovative technologies or a combination of innovative technologies (‘innovative technology packages’) shall be considered.

Such technologies shall be taken into consideration only if the methodology used to assess them is capable of producing verifiable, repeatable and comparable results.

The total contribution of those technologies to reducing the average specific emissions of CO2 of a manufacturer may be up to 7 g CO2/km.

The Commission is empowered to adopt delegated acts in accordance with Article 17 in order to amend this Regulation by adjusting the cap referred to in the third subparagraph of this paragraph with effect from 2025 onwards to take into account technological developments while ensuring a balanced proportion of the level of that cap in relation to the average specific emissions of CO2 of manufacturers.

2. The Commission shall adopt, by means of implementing acts, detailed provisions for a procedure to approve the innovative technologies or innovative technology packages referred to in paragraph 1 of this Article. Those implementing acts shall be adopted in accordance with the examination procedure referred to in Article 16(2). Those detailed provisions shall be based on the following criteria for innovative technologies:

(a)


the supplier or manufacturer must be accountable for the CO2 savings achieved through the use of the innovative technologies;

(b)


the innovative technologies must make a verified contribution to CO2 reduction;

(c)


the innovative technologies must not be covered by the standard test cycle CO2 measurement;

(d)


the innovative technologies must not:

(i)


be covered by mandatory provisions due to complementary additional measures complying with the 10 g CO2/km reduction referred to in Article 1(3); or

(ii)


be mandatory under other provisions of Union law.

With effect from 1 January 2025, the criterion referred to in point (d)(i) of the first subparagraph shall not apply with regard to efficiency improvements for air conditioning systems.

3. A supplier or a manufacturer that applies for a measure to be approved as an innovative technology or innovative technology package shall submit a report, including a verification report undertaken by an independent and certified body, to the Commission. In the event of a possible interaction of the measure with another innovative technology or innovative technology package already approved, that report shall mention that interaction and the verification report shall evaluate to what extent that interaction modifies the reduction achieved by each measure.

4. The Commission shall attest the reduction achieved on the basis of the criteria set out in paragraph 2.

Article 12

Real-world CO2 emissions and fuel or energy consumption

1. The Commission shall monitor and assess the real-world representativeness of the CO2 emissions and fuel or energy consumption values determined pursuant to Regulation (EC) No 715/2007.

Furthermore, the Commission shall regularly collect data on the real-world CO2 emissions and fuel or energy consumption of passenger cars and light commercial vehicles using on-board fuel and/or energy consumption monitoring devices, starting with new passenger cars and new light commercial vehicles registered in 2021.

The Commission shall ensure that the public is informed of how that real-world representativeness evolves over time.

2. For the purpose referred to in paragraph 1, starting from 1 January 2021, the Commission shall ensure that the following parameters relating to real-world CO2 emissions and fuel or energy consumption of passenger cars and light commercial vehicles are made available at regular intervals to it, from manufacturers, national authorities or through direct data transfer from vehicles, as the case may be:

(a)


vehicle identification number;

(b)


fuel and/or electric energy consumed;

(c)


total distance travelled;

(d)


for externally chargeable hybrid electric vehicles, the fuel and electric energy consumed and the distance travelled distributed over the different driving modes;

(e)


other parameters necessary to ensure that the obligations set out in paragraph 1 can be met.

The Commission shall process the data received under the first subparagraph to create anonymised and aggregated datasets, including per manufacturer, for the purposes of paragraph 1. The vehicle identification numbers shall be used only for the purpose of that data processing and shall not be retained longer than needed for that purpose.

3. In order to prevent the real-world emissions gap from growing, the Commission shall, no later than 1 June 2023, assess how fuel and energy consumption data may be used to ensure that the vehicle CO2 emissions and fuel or energy consumption values determined pursuant to Regulation (EC) No 715/2007 remain representative of real-world emissions over time for each manufacturer.

The Commission shall monitor and report annually on how the gap referred to in the first subparagraph evolves over the period 2021 to 2026 and shall, with the view to preventing an increase in that gap, assess, in 2027, the feasibility of a mechanism to adjust the manufacturer's average specific emissions of CO2 as of 2030, and, if appropriate, submit a legislative proposal to put such a mechanism in place.

4. The Commission shall adopt, by means of implementing acts, the detailed procedure for collecting and processing the data referred to in paragraph 2 of this Article. Those implementing acts shall be adopted in accordance with the examination procedure referred to in Article 16(2).

Article 13

Verification of the CO2 emissions of vehicles in-service

1. Manufacturers shall ensure that the CO2 emission and fuel consumption values recorded in the certificates of conformity correspond to the CO2 emissions from, and fuel consumption of, vehicles in-service as determined in accordance with Regulation (EU) 2017/1151.

2. Following the entry into force of the procedures referred to in the first subparagraph of paragraph 4, type-approval authorities shall verify for those vehicle families for which they are responsible for the type-approval, on the basis of appropriate and representative vehicle samples, that the CO2 emission and fuel consumption values recorded in the certificates of conformity correspond to the CO2 emissions from, and fuel consumption of, vehicles in-service as determined in accordance with Regulation (EU) 2017/1151 while considering, inter alia, available data from on-board fuel and/or energy consumption monitoring devices.

Type-approval authorities shall also verify the presence of any strategies on board or relating to the sampled vehicles that artificially improve the vehicle's performance in the tests performed for the purpose of type-approval by, inter alia, using data from on-board fuel and/or energy consumption monitoring devices.

3. Where a lack of correspondence of CO2 emission and fuel consumption values or the presence of any strategies artificially improving a vehicle's performance is found as a result of the verifications performed pursuant to paragraph 2, the responsible type-approval authority shall, in addition to taking the necessary measures set out in Chapter XI of Regulation (EU) 2018/858, ensure the correction of the certificates of conformity.

4. The Commission shall determine, by means of implementing acts, the procedures for performing the verifications referred to in paragraph 2 of this Article. Those implementing acts shall be adopted in accordance with the examination procedure referred to in Article 16(2).

The Commission is empowered, prior to adopting the implementing acts referred to in the first subparagraph of this paragraph, to adopt a delegated act in accordance with Article 17 in order to supplement this Regulation by setting out the guiding principles and criteria for defining the procedures referred to in the first subparagraph of this paragraph.

Article 14

Adjustment of M0 and TM0 values

1. The M0 and TM0 values referred to in Parts A and B of Annex I shall be adjusted as follows:

(a)


by 31 October 2020, the M0 value in point 4 of Part A of Annex I shall be adjusted to the average mass in running order of all new passenger cars registered in 2017, 2018, and 2019. That new M0 value shall apply from 1 January 2022 until 31 December 2024;

(b)


by 31 October 2022, the M0 value in point 4 of Part B of Annex I shall be adjusted to the average mass in running order of all new light commercial vehicles registered in 2019, 2020 and 2021. That new M0 value shall apply in 2024;

(c)


by 31 October 2022, the indicative TM0 value for 2025 shall be determined as the respective average test mass of all new passenger cars and new light commercial vehicles registered in 2021;

(d)


by 31 October 2024, and every second year thereafter, the TM0 value in point 6.2 of Parts A and B of Annex I shall be adjusted to the respective average test mass of all new passenger cars and new light commercial vehicles registered in the preceding two calendar years, starting with 2022 and 2023. The new TM0 values shall apply from 1 January of the calendar year following the date of the adjustment.

2. The Commission is empowered to adopt delegated acts in accordance with Article 17 in order to supplement this Regulation by establishing the measures referred to in paragraph 1 of this Article.

Article 15

Review and report

1. The Commission shall, in 2023, thoroughly review the effectiveness of this Regulation and submit a report to the European Parliament and to the Council with the result of the review.

2. In the report referred to in paragraph 1, the Commission shall consider, inter alia, the real-world representativeness of the CO2 emission and fuel or energy consumption values determined pursuant to Regulation (EC) No 715/2007; the deployment on the Union market of zero- and low-emission vehicles, in particular with respect to light commercial vehicles; the roll-out of recharging and refuelling infrastructure reported under Directive 2014/94/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council (20), including their financing; the potential contribution of the use of synthetic and advanced alternative fuels produced with renewable energy to emissions reductions; the CO2 emissions reduction actually observed at the existing fleet level; the functioning of the incentive mechanism for zero- and low-emission vehicles; the potential effects of the transitional measure set out in point 6.3 of Part A of Annex I; the impact of this Regulation on consumers, particularly on those on low and medium incomes; as well as aspects to further facilitate an economically viable and socially fair transition towards clean, competitive and affordable mobility in the Union.

The Commission shall, in that report, also identify a clear pathway for further CO2 emissions reductions for passenger cars and light commercial vehicles beyond 2030 in order to significantly contribute to achieving the long-term goal of the Paris Agreement.

3. The report referred to in paragraph 2 shall, where appropriate, be accompanied by a proposal for amending this Regulation, in particular, the possible revision of the EU fleet-wide targets for 2030 in light of the elements listed in paragraph 2, and the introduction of binding emissions reduction targets for 2035 and 2040 onwards for passenger cars and light commercial vehicles to ensure the timely transformation of the transport sector towards achieving net-zero emissions in line with the objectives of the Paris Agreement.

4. As part of the review referred to in paragraph 1 of this Article, the Commission shall assess the feasibility of developing real-world emission test procedures using portable emission measurement systems (PEMS). The Commission shall take into account that assessment as well as those made pursuant to Article 12 of this Regulation and may, where appropriate, review the procedures for measuring CO2 emissions as set out under Regulation (EC) No 715/2007. The Commission shall, in particular, make appropriate proposals to adapt those procedures to reflect adequately the real-world CO2 emissions of passenger cars and light commercial vehicles.

5. As part of the review referred to in paragraph 1 of this Article, the Commission shall evaluate the possibility to assign the revenue from the excess emissions premiums to a specific fund or a relevant programme, with the objective to ensure a just transition towards a climate-neutral economy as referred to in Article 4.1 of the Paris Agreement, in particular to support re-skilling, up-skilling and other skills training and reallocation of workers in the automotive sector in all affected Member States, in particular in the regions and the communities most affected by the transition. The Commission shall, if appropriate, make a legislative proposal to that effect by 2027 at the latest.

6. By 31 December 2020, the Commission shall review Directive 1999/94/EC considering the need to provide consumers with accurate, robust and comparable information on the fuel consumption, CO2 emissions and air pollutant emissions of new passenger cars placed on the market, as well as evaluate the options for introducing a fuel economy and CO2 emissions label for new light commercial vehicles. The review shall, where appropriate, be accompanied by a legislative proposal.

7. The Commission shall, by means of implementing acts, determine the correlation parameters necessary in order to reflect any change in the regulatory test procedure for the measurement of specific emissions of CO2 referred to in Regulations (EC) No 715/2007 and (EC) No 692/2008 and, where applicable, Regulation (EU) 2017/1151. Those implementing acts shall be adopted in accordance with the examination procedure referred to in Article 16(2) of this Regulation.

8. The Commission is empowered to adopt delegated acts in accordance with Article 17 in order to amend this Regulation by adapting the formulae set out in Annex I, using the methodology adopted pursuant to paragraph 7 of this Article, while ensuring that reduction requirements of comparable stringency for manufacturers and vehicles of different utility are required under the old and new test procedures.

Article 16

Committee procedure

1. The Commission shall be assisted by the Climate Change Committee referred to in point (a) of Article 44(1) of Regulation (EU) 2018/1999 of the European Parliament and of the Council (21). That committee shall be a committee within the meaning of Regulation (EU) No 182/2011.

2. Where reference is made to this paragraph, Article 5 of Regulation (EU) No 182/2011 shall apply.

3. Where the committee delivers no opinion, the Commission shall not adopt the draft implementing act and the third subparagraph of Article 5(4) of Regulation (EU) No 182/2011 shall apply.

Article 17

Exercise of the delegation

1. The power to adopt delegated acts is conferred on the Commission subject to the conditions laid down in this Article.

2. The power to adopt delegated acts referred to in Article 7(8), Article 10(8), the fourth subparagraph of Article 11(1), Article 13(4), Article 14(2) and Article 15(8) shall be conferred on the Commission for a period of six years from 15 May 2019. The Commission shall draw up a report in respect of the delegation of power not later than nine months before the end of the six-year period. The delegation of power shall be tacitly extended for periods of an identical duration, unless the European Parliament or the Council opposes such extension not later than three months before the end of each period.

3. The delegation of power referred to in Article 7(8), Article 10(8), the fourth subparagraph of Article 11(1), Article 13(4), Article 14(2) and Article 15(8) may be revoked at any time by the European Parliament or by the Council. A decision to revoke shall put an end to the delegation of the power specified in that decision. It shall take effect the day following the publication of the decision in the Official Journal of the European Union or at a later date specified therein. It shall not affect the validity of any delegated acts already in force.

4. Before adopting a delegated act, the Commission shall consult experts designated by each Member State in accordance with the principles laid down in the Interinstitutional Agreement of 13 April 2016 on Better Law-Making.

5. As soon as it adopts a delegated act, the Commission shall notify it simultaneously to the European Parliament and to the Council.

6. A delegated act adopted pursuant to Article 7(8), Article 10(8), the fourth subparagraph of Article 11(1), Article 13(4), Article 14(2) and Article 15(8) shall enter into force only if no objection has been expressed either by the European Parliament or by the Council within a period of two months of notification of that act to the European Parliament and to the Council or if, before the expiry of that period, the European Parliament and the Council have both informed the Commission that they will not object. That period shall be extended by two months at the initiative of the European Parliament or of the Council.

Article 18

Repeal

Regulations (EC) No 443/2009 and (EU) No 510/2011 are repealed with effect from 1 January 2020.

References to the repealed Regulations shall be construed as references to this Regulation and shall be read in accordance with the correlation table in Annex V.

Article 19

Entry into force

This Regulation shall enter into force on the twentieth day following that of its publication in the Official Journal of the European Union.

It shall apply from 1 January 2020.

This Regulation shall be binding in its entirety and directly applicable in all Member States.

Done at Strasbourg, 17 April 2019.

For the European Parliament

The President

A. TAJANI

For the Council

The President

G. CIAMBA

(1) OJ C 227, 28.6.2018, p. 52.

(2) Position of the European Parliament of 27 March 2019 (not yet published in the Official Journal) and decision of the Council of 15 April 2019.

(3) Regulation (EC) No 443/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 April 2009 setting emission performance standards for new passenger cars as part of the Community's integrated approach to reduce CO2 emissions from light-duty vehicles (OJ L 140, 5.6.2009, p. 1).

(4) Regulation (EU) No 510/2011 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 May 2011 setting emission performance standards for new light commercial vehicles as part of the Union's integrated approach to reduce CO2 emissions from light-duty vehicles (OJ L 145, 31.5.2011, p. 1).

(5) OJ L 282, 19.10.2016, p. 4.

(6) Regulation (EU) 2018/842 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 30 May 2018 on binding annual greenhouse gas emission reductions by Member States from 2021 to 2030 contributing to climate action to meet commitments under the Paris Agreement and amending Regulation (EU) No 525/2013 (OJ L 156, 19.6.2018, p. 26).

(7) Directive 2003/87/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 October 2003 establishing a system for greenhouse gas emission allowance trading within the Union and amending Council Directive 96/61/EC (OJ L 275, 25.10.2003, p. 32).

(8) Regulation (EC) No 715/2007 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 20 June 2007 on type approval of motor vehicles with respect to emissions from light passenger and commercial vehicles (Euro 5 and Euro 6) and on access to vehicle repair and maintenance information (OJ L 171, 29.6.2007, p. 1).

(9) Commission Regulation (EU) 2017/1151 of 1 June 2017 supplementing Regulation (EC) No 715/2007 of the European Parliament and of the Council on type-approval of motor vehicles with respect to emissions from light passenger and commercial vehicles (Euro 5 and Euro 6) and on access to vehicle repair and maintenance information, amending Directive 2007/46/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council, Commission Regulation (EC) No 692/2008 and Commission Regulation (EU) No 1230/2012 and repealing Commission Regulation (EC) No 692/2008 (OJ L 175, 7.7.2017, p. 1).

(10) Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2017/1152 of 2 June 2017 setting out a methodology for determining the correlation parameters necessary for reflecting the change in the regulatory test procedure with regard to light commercial vehicles and amending Implementing Regulation (EU) No 293/2012 (OJ L 175, 7.7.2017, p. 644).

(11) Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2017/1153 of 2 June 2017 setting out a methodology for determining the correlation parameters necessary for reflecting the change in the regulatory test procedure and amending Regulation (EU) No 1014/2010 (OJ L 175, 7.7.2017, p. 679).

(12) Directive 1999/94/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 December 1999 relating to the availability of consumer information on fuel economy and CO2 emissions in respect of the marketing of new passenger cars (OJ L 12, 18.1.2000, p. 16).

(13) Directive 2007/46/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 5 September 2007 establishing a framework for the approval of motor vehicles and their trailers, and of systems, components and separate technical units intended for such vehicles (Framework Directive) (OJ L 263, 9.10.2007, p. 1).

(14) Commission Regulation (EC) No 692/2008 of 18 July 2008 implementing and amending Regulation (EC) No 715/2007 of the European Parliament and of the Council on type-approval of motor vehicles with respect to emissions from light passenger and commercial vehicles (Euro 5 and Euro 6) and on access to vehicle repair and maintenance information (OJ L 199, 28.7.2008, p. 1).

(15) Regulation (EU) 2018/858 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 30 May 2018 on the approval and market surveillance of motor vehicles and their trailers, and of systems, components and separate technical units intended for such vehicles, amending Regulations (EC) No 715/2007 and (EC) No 595/2009 and repealing Directive 2007/46/EC (OJ L 151, 14.6.2018, p. 1).

(16) OJ C 298, 23.8.2018, p. 140.

(17) Regulation (EU) No 182/2011 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 February 2011 laying down the rules and general principles concerning mechanisms for control by Member States of the Commission's exercise of implementing powers (OJ L 55, 28.2.2011, p. 13).

(18) OJ L 123, 12.5.2016, p. 1.

(19) Regulation (EC) No 1049/2001 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 30 May 2001 regarding public access to European Parliament, Council and Commission documents (OJ L 145, 31.5.2001, p. 43).

(20) Directive 2014/94/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 October 2014 on the deployment of alternative fuels infrastructure (OJ L 307, 28.10.2014, p. 1).

(21) Regulation (EU) 2018/1999 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 December 2018 on the Governance of the Energy Union and Climate Action, amending Regulations (EC) No 663/2009 and (EC) No 715/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council, Directives 94/22/EC, 98/70/EC, 2009/31/EC, 2009/73/EC, 2010/31/EU, 2012/27/EU and 2013/30/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council, Council Directives 2009/119/EC and (EU) 2015/652 and repealing Regulation (EU) No 525/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council (OJ L 328, 21.12.2018, p. 1).

ANNEX I

PART A

SPECIFIC EMISSIONS TARGETS FOR PASSENGER CARS

1. For the calendar year 2020, the specific emissions of CO2 for each new passenger car shall, for the purposes of the calculations in this point and in point 2, be determined in accordance with the following formula:

Specific emissions of CO2 = 95 + a · (M – M0)

where:

M


=


Mass in running order of the vehicle in kilograms (kg)

M0


=


1 379,88

a


=


0,0333

2. The specific emissions target for a manufacturer in 2020 shall be calculated as the average of the specific emissions of CO2 determined according to point 1, of each new passenger car registered in that calendar year of which it is the manufacturer.

3. The specific emissions reference target for a manufacturer in 2021 shall be calculated as follows:

Formula

where:

WLTPCO2


is the average specific emissions of CO2 in 2020 determined in accordance with Annex XXI to Regulation (EU) 2017/1151 and calculated in accordance with the second indent of Article 4(3) of this Regulation, without including CO2 savings resulting from the application of Articles 5 and 11 of this Regulation;

NEDCCO2


is the average specific emissions of CO2 in 2020 determined in accordance with Implementing Regulation (EU) 2017/1153 and calculated in accordance with the second indent of Article 4(3) of this Regulation, without including CO2 savings resulting from the application of Articles 5 and 11 of this Regulation;

NEDC2020target


is the 2020 specific emissions target calculated in accordance with points 1 and 2.

4. For the calendar years 2021 to 2024, the specific emissions target for a manufacturer shall be calculated as follows:

Specific emissions target = WLTPreference target + a [(Mø – M0) – (Mø2020 – M0,2020)]

where:

WLTPreference target


is the 2021 WLTP specific emissions reference target calculated in accordance with point 3;

a


is 0,0333;

Mø


is the average of the mass in running order (M) of the new passenger cars of the manufacturer registered in the relevant target year in kilograms (kg);

M0


is 1 379,88 in 2021, and as defined in point (a) of Article 14(1) for the years 2022, 2023 and 2024;

Mø2020


is the average of the mass in running order (M) of the new passenger cars of the manufacturer registered in 2020 in kilograms (kg);

M0,2020


is 1 379,88.

5. For a manufacturer that has been granted a derogation with regard to a specific NEDC based emissions target in 2021, the WLTP based derogation target shall be calculated as follows:

Formula

where:

WLTPCO2


is WLTPCO2 as defined in point 3;

NEDCCO2


is NEDCCO2 as defined in point 3;

NEDC2021target


is the 2021 derogation target granted by the Commission pursuant to Article 10.

6. From 1 January 2025, the EU fleet-wide targets and the specific emissions targets for a manufacturer shall be calculated as follows:

6.0. EU fleet-wide target2021

EU fleet-wide target2021 is the average, weighted by the number of new passenger cars registered in 2021, of the reference-values2021 determined for each individual manufacturer for which a specific emissions target applies in accordance with point 4.

The reference-value2021 shall be determined, for each manufacturer, as follows:

Formula

where:

WLTPCO2,measured


is the average, for each manufacturer, of the measured CO2 emissions combined of each new passenger car registered in 2020, as determined and reported in accordance with Article 7a of Implementing Regulation (EU) 2017/1153;

NEDC2020,Fleet Target


is 95 g/km;

NEDCCO2


is as defined in point 3;

Mø2021


is the average of the mass in running order of the new passenger cars of the manufacturer registered in 2021 in kilograms (kg);

M0,2021


is the average mass in running order in kilograms (kg) of all new passenger cars registered in 2021 of those manufacturers for which a specific emissions target applies in accordance with point 4;

a


is as defined in point 4.

6.1. EU fleet-wide targets for 2025 and 2030

6.1.1. EU fleet-wide target for 2025 to 2029

EU fleet-wide target2025 = EU fleet-wide target2021 · (1 – reduction factor2025)

where:

EU fleet-wide target2021


is as defined in point 6.0;

reduction factor2025


is the reduction specified in point (a) of Article 1(4).

6.1.2. EU fleet-wide target for 2030 onwards

EU fleet-wide target2030 = EU fleet-wide target2021 · (1 – reduction factor2030)

where:

EU fleet-wide target2021


is as defined in point 6.0;

reduction factor2030


is the reduction specified in point (a) of Article 1(5).

6.2. Specific emissions reference targets from 2025 onwards

6.2.1. Specific emissions reference targets for 2025 to 2029

The specific emissions reference target = EU fleet-wide target2025 + a2025 · (TM – TM0)

where:

EU fleet-wide target2025


is as determined in accordance with point 6.1.1;

a2025


isFormula

where:

a2021


is the slope of the best fitting straight line established by applying the linear least squares fitting method to the test mass (independent variable) and the specific emissions of CO2 (dependent variable) of each new passenger car registered in 2021;

average emissions2021


is the average of the specific emissions of CO2 of all new passenger cars registered in 2021 of those manufacturers for which a specific emissions target is calculated in accordance with point 4;

TM


is the average test mass in kilograms (kg) of all new passenger cars of the manufacturer registered in the relevant calendar year;

TM0


is the value in kilograms (kg) determined in accordance with point (d) of Article 14(1).

6.2.2. Specific emissions reference targets for 2030 onwards

The specific emissions reference target = EU fleet-wide target2030 + a2030 · (TM – TM0)

where:

EU fleet-wide target2030


is as determined in accordance with point 6.1.2;

a2030


isFormula

where:

a2021


is as defined in point 6.2.1;

average emissions2021


is as defined in point 6.2.1;

TM


is as defined in point 6.2.1;

TM0


is as defined in point 6.2.1.

6.3. Specific emissions targets from 2025 onwards

Specific emissions target = specific emissions reference target · ZLEV factor

where:

specific emissions reference target


is the specific emissions reference target of CO2 determined in accordance with point 6.2.1 for the period 2025 to 2029 and point 6.2.2 for 2030 onwards;

ZLEV factor


is (1 + y – x), unless this sum is larger than 1,05 or lower than 1,0 in which case the ZLEV factor shall be set to 1,05 or 1,0, as the case may be;

where:

y


is the share of zero- and low-emission vehicles in the manufacturer's fleet of new passenger cars calculated as the total number of new zero- and low-emission vehicles, where each of them is counted as ZLEVspecific in accordance with the following formula, divided by the total number of new passenger cars registered in the relevant calendar year:
Formula

For new passenger cars registered in Member States with a share of zero- and low-emission vehicles in their fleet below 60 % of the Union average in the year 2017 (1) and with less than 1 000 new zero- and low-emission vehicles registered in 2017, ZLEVspecific shall, until and including 2030, be calculated in accordance with the following formula:
Formula

Where the share of zero- and low-emission vehicles in a Member State's fleet of new passenger cars registered in a year between 2025 and 2030 exceeds 5 %, that Member State shall not be eligible for the application of the multiplier of 1,85 in the subsequent years;

x


is 15 % in the years 2025 to 2029 and 35 % from 2030 onwards.

PART B

SPECIFIC EMISSIONS TARGETS FOR LIGHT COMMERCIAL VEHICLES

1. For the calendar year 2020, the specific emissions of CO2 for each new light commercial vehicle shall, for the purposes of the calculations in this point and in point 2, be determined in accordance with the following formula:

Specific emissions of CO2 = 147 + a · (M – M0)

where:

M


=


Mass in running order of the vehicle in kilograms (kg)

M0


=


1 766,4

a


=


0,096

2. The specific emissions target for a manufacturer in 2020 shall be calculated as the average of the specific emissions of CO2 determined according to point 1 of each new light commercial vehicle registered in that calendar year of which it is the manufacturer.

3. The specific emissions reference target for a manufacturer in 2021 shall be calculated as follows:

Formula

where:

WLTPCO2


is the average specific emissions of CO2 in 2020 determined in accordance with Annex XXI to Regulation (EU) 2017/1151 without including CO2 savings resulting from the application of Article 11 of this Regulation;

NEDCCO2


is the average specific emissions of CO2 in 2020 determined in accordance with Implementing Regulation (EU) 2017/1152, without including CO2 savings resulting from the application of Article 11 of this Regulation;

NEDC2020target


is the 2020 specific emissions target calculated in accordance with points 1 and 2.

4. For the calendar years 2021 to 2024, the specific emissions target for a manufacturer shall be calculated as follows:

Specific emissions target = WLTPreference target + a [(Mø – M0) – (Mø2020 – M0,2020)]

where:

WLTPreference target


is the 2021 WLTP specific emissions reference target calculated in accordance with point 3;

a


is 0,096;

Mø


is the average of the mass in running order (M) of the new light commercial vehicles of the manufacturer registered in the relevant target year in kilograms (kg);

M0


is 1 766,4 in 2020 and, for the years 2021, 2022 and 2023, the value adopted pursuant to Article 13(5) of Regulation (EU) No 510/2011, and for 2024 the value adopted pursuant to point (b) of Article 14(1) of this Regulation;

Mø2020


is the average of the mass in running order (M) of the new light commercial vehicles of the manufacturer registered in 2020 in kilograms (kg);

M0,2020


is 1 766,4.

5. For a manufacturer that has been granted a derogation with regard to a specific NEDC based emissions target in 2021, the WLTP based derogation target shall be calculated as follows:

Formula

where:

WLTPCO2


is WLTPCO2 as defined in point 3;

NEDCCO2


is NEDCCO2 as defined in point 3;

NEDC2021target


is the 2021 derogation target granted by the Commission pursuant to Article 10.

6. From 1 January 2025, the EU fleet-wide targets and the specific emissions targets for a manufacturer shall be calculated as follows:

6.0. EU fleet-wide target2021

EU fleet-wide target2021 is the average, weighted by the number of new light commercial vehicles registered in 2021, of the reference-values2021 determined for each individual manufacturer for which a specific emissions target applies in accordance with point 4.

The reference-value2021 shall be determined, for each manufacturer, as follows:

Formula

where:

WLTPCO2,measured


is the average, for each manufacturer, of the measured CO2 emissions combined of each new light commercial vehicle registered in 2020, as determined and reported in accordance with Article 7a of Implementing Regulation (EU) 2017/1152;

NEDC2020,Fleet Target


is 147 g/km;

NEDCCO2


is as defined in point 3;

Mø2021


is the average of the mass in running order of the new light commercial vehicles of the manufacturer registered in 2021 in kilograms (kg);

M0,2021


is the average mass in running order in kilograms (kg) of all new light commercial vehicles registered in 2021 of those manufacturers for which a specific emissions target applies in accordance with point 4;

a


is as defined in point 4.

6.1. The EU fleet-wide targets for 2025 and 2030

6.1.1. EU fleet-wide target for 2025 to 2029

EU fleet-wide target2025 = EU fleet-wide target2021 · (1 – reduction factor2025)

where:

EU fleet-wide target2021


is as defined in point 6.0;

reduction factor2025


is the reduction specified in point (b) of Article 1(4).

6.1.2. EU fleet-wide target for 2030 onwards

EU fleet-wide target2030 = EU fleet-wide target2021 · (1 – reduction factor2030)

where:

EU fleet-wide target2021


is as defined in point 6.0;

reduction factor2030


is the reduction specified in point (b) of Article 1(5).

6.2. Specific emissions reference targets from 2025 onwards

6.2.1. Specific emissions reference targets for 2025 to 2029

The specific emissions reference target = EU fleet-wide target2025 + α · (TM – TM0)

where:

EU fleet-wide target2025


is as determined in accordance with point 6.1.1;

α


is a2025 where the average test mass of a manufacturer's new light commercial vehicles is equal to or lower than TM0 determined in accordance with point (d) of Article 14(1) and a2021 where the average test mass of a manufacturer's new light commercial vehicles is higher than TM0 determined in accordance with point (d) of Article 14(1);

where:

a2025


isFormula

a2021


is the slope of the best fitting straight line established by applying the linear least squares fitting method to the test mass (independent variable) and the specific emissions of CO2 (dependent variable) of each new light commercial vehicle registered in 2021;

average emissions2021


is the average of the specific emissions of CO2 of all new light commercial vehicles registered in 2021 of those manufacturers for which a specific emissions target is calculated in accordance with point 4;

TM


is the average test mass in kilograms (kg) of all new light commercial vehicles of the manufacturer registered in the relevant calendar year;

TM0


is the value in kilograms (kg) determined in accordance with point (d) of Article 14(1).

6.2.2. Specific emissions reference targets from 2030 onwards

The specific emissions reference target = EU fleet-wide target2030 + α · (TM – TM0)

where:

EU fleet-wide target2030


is as determined in accordance with point 6.1.2;

α


is a2030 where the average test mass of a manufacturer's new light commercial vehicles is equal to or lower than TM0 determined in accordance with point (d) of Article 14(1) and a2021 where the average test mass of a manufacturer's new light commercial vehicles is higher than TM0 determined in accordance with point (d) of Article 14(1);

where:

a2030


isFormula

a2021


is as defined in point 6.2.1;

average emissions2021


is as defined in point 6.2.1;

TM


is as defined in point 6.2.1;

TM0


is as defined in point 6.2.1.

6.3. Specific emissions targets from 2025 onwards

6.3.1. Specific emissions targets for 2025 to 2029

The specific emissions target = (specific emissions reference target – (øtargets – EU fleet-wide target2025)) · ZLEV factor

where:

specific emissions reference target


is the specific emissions reference target for the manufacturer determined in accordance with point 6.2.1;

øtargets


is the average, weighted on the number of new light commercial vehicles of each individual manufacturer, of all the specific emissions reference targets determined in accordance with point 6.2.1;

ZLEV factor


is (1 + y – x), unless this sum is larger than 1,05 or lower than 1,0 in which case the ZLEV factor shall be set to 1,05 or 1,0, as the case may be;

where:

y


is the share of zero- and low-emission vehicles in the manufacturer's fleet of new light commercial vehicles calculated as the total number of new zero- and low-emission vehicles, where each of them is counted as ZLEVspecific in accordance with the following formula, divided by the total number of new light commercial vehicles registered in the relevant calendar year:
Formula

x


is 15 %.

6.3.2. Specific emissions targets from 2030 onwards

The specific emissions target = (specific emissions reference target – (øtargets – EU fleet-wide target2030)) · ZLEV factor

where:

specific emissions reference target


is the specific emissions reference target for the manufacturer determined in accordance with point 6.2.2;

øtargets


is the average, weighted on the number of new light commercial vehicles of each individual manufacturer, of all the specific emissions reference targets determined in accordance with point 6.2.2;

ZLEV factor


is (1 + y – x), unless this sum is larger than 1,05 or lower than 1,0 in which case the ZLEV factor shall be set to 1,05 or 1,0, as the case may be;

where:

y


is the share of zero- and low-emission vehicles in the manufacturer's fleet of new light commercial vehicles calculated as the total number of new zero- and low-emission vehicles, where each of them is counted as ZLEVspecific in accordance with the following formula, divided by the total number of new light commercial vehicles registered in the relevant calendar year:
Formula

x


is 30 %.

(1) The share of zero- and low-emission vehicles in the new passenger car fleet of a Member State in 2017 is calculated as the total number of new zero- and low-emission vehicles registered in 2017 divided by the total number of new passenger cars registered in the same year.

ANNEX II

MONITORING AND REPORTING OF EMISSIONS FROM NEW PASSENGER CARS

PART A

Collection of data on new passenger cars and determination of CO2 emissions monitoring information

1. Member States shall, for each calendar year, record the following detailed data for each new passenger car registered as an M1 vehicle in their territory:

(a)


the manufacturer;

(b)


the type-approval number and its extension;

(c)


the type, variant, and version (where applicable);

(d)


make and commercial name;

(e)


category of vehicle type-approved;

(f)


total number of new registrations;

(g)


mass in running order;

(h)


the specific emissions of CO2 (NEDC and WLTP);

(i)


footprint: the wheel base, the track width of the steered axle and the track width other axle;

(j)


the fuel type and fuel mode;

(k)


engine capacity;

(l)


electric energy consumption;

(m)


code for the innovative technology or group of innovative technologies and the CO2 emissions reduction due to that technology (NEDC and WLTP);

(n)


maximum net power;

(o)


vehicle identification number;

(p)


WLTP test mass;

(q)


deviation and verification factors referred to in point 3.2.8 of Annex I to Implementing Regulation (EU) 2017/1153;

(r)


category of vehicle registered;

(s)


vehicle family identification number;

(t)


electric range, where applicable.

Member States shall make available to the Commission, in accordance with Article 7, all data listed in this point, in the format as specified in Section 2 of Part B.

2. The detailed data referred to in point 1 shall be taken from the certificate of conformity of the relevant passenger car. In the case of bi-fuelled vehicles (petrol/gas), the certificates of conformity of which bear specific emissions of CO2 values for both types of fuel, Member States shall use only the value measured for gas.

3. Member States shall, for each calendar year, determine:

(a)


the total number of new registrations of new passenger cars subject to EC type-approval;

(b)


the total number of new registrations of new individually approved passenger cars;

(c)


the total number of new registrations of new passenger cars subject to national type-approval of small series.

PART B

Format for the transmission of data

For each year, Member States shall report the information specified in points 1 and 3 of Part A in the following formats:

SECTION 1

AGGREGATED MONITORING DATA

Member State (1)




Year




Total number of new registrations of new passenger cars subject to EC type-approval




Total number of new registrations of new individually approved passenger cars




Total number of new registrations of new passenger cars subject to national type-approval of small series




SECTION 2

DETAILED MONITORING DATA — ONE VEHICLE RECORD

Reference to point 1 of Part A


Detailed data per vehicle registered

(a)


Manufacturer name EU standard denomination

Manufacturer name OEM declaration

Manufacturer name in Member State registry (2)

(b)


Type-approval number and its extension

(c)


Type

Variant

Version

(d)


Make and commercial name

(e)


Category of vehicle type-approved

(f)


Total number of new registrations

(g)


Mass in running order

(h)


Specific emissions of CO2 (combined)

NEDC value until 31 December 2020 except for vehicles that fall within the scope of Article 5 for which the NEDC value shall be determined until 31 December 2022 in accordance with Article 5 of Implementing Regulation (EU) 2017/1153

Specific emissions of CO2 (combined)

WLTP value

(i)


Wheel base

Track width steered axle (Axle 1)

Track width other axle (Axle 2)

(j)


Fuel type

Fuel mode

(k)


Engine capacity (cm3)

(l)


Electric energy consumption (Wh/km)

(m)


Code of the eco-innovation(s)

Total NEDC CO2 emissions savings due to the eco-innovation(s) until 31 December 2020

Total WLTP CO2 emissions savings due to the eco-innovation(s)

(n)


Maximum net power

(o)


Vehicle identification number

(p)


WLTP test mass

(q)


Deviation factor De (where available)

Verification factor (where available)

(r)


Category of vehicle registered

(s)


Vehicle family identification number

(t)


Electric range, where available

(1) ISO 3166 alpha-2 codes with the exception of Greece and the United Kingdom for which the codes are ‘EL’ and ‘UK’, respectively.

(2) In the case of national type-approval of small series (NSS) or individual approval (IVA), the manufacturer's name shall be provided in the column ‘Manufacturer name in Member State registry’ whilst in the column ‘Manufacturer name EU standard denomination’ either of the following shall be indicated: ‘AA-NSS’ or ‘AA-IVA’, as the case may be.

ANNEX III

MONITORING AND REPORTING OF EMISSIONS FROM NEW LIGHT COMMERCIAL VEHICLES

A. Collection of data on new light commercial vehicles and determination of CO2 emissions monitoring information

1. Detailed data

1.1. Complete vehicles registered as N1

In the case of EC type-approved complete vehicles registered as N1, Member States shall, for each calendar year, record the following detailed data for each new light commercial vehicle the first time that it is registered in their territory:

(a)


the manufacturer;

(b)


the type-approval number and its extension;

(c)


the type, variant, and version;

(d)


make;

(e)


category of vehicle type-approved;

(f)


category of vehicle registered;

(g)


the specific emissions of CO2 (NEDC and WLTP);

(h)


mass in running order;

(i)


technically permissible maximum laden mass;

(j)


footprint: the wheel base, the track width steered axle and the track width other axle;

(k)


the fuel type and fuel mode;

(l)


engine capacity;

(m)


electric energy consumption;

(n)


code of the innovative technology or group of innovative technologies and the CO2 emissions reduction due to that technology (NEDC and WLTP);

(o)


the vehicle identification number;

(p)


WLTP test mass;

(q)


deviation and verification factors referred to in point 3.2.8 of Annex I to Implementing Regulation (EU) 2017/1152;

(r)


vehicle family identification number determined in accordance with point 5.0 of Annex XXI to Regulation (EU) 2017/1151;

(s)


electric range, where applicable.

Member States shall make available to the Commission, in accordance with Article 7, all data listed in this point, in the format as specified in Section 2 of Part C of this Annex.

1.2. Vehicles approved in a multi-stage process and registered as N1 vehicles

In the case of multi-stage vehicles registered as N1 vehicles, Member States shall, for each calendar year, record the following detailed data with regard to:

(a)


the base (incomplete) vehicle: the data specified in points (a), (b), (c), (d), (e), (g), (h), (i), (n) and (o) of point 1.1, or, instead of the data specified in points (h) and (i), the default added mass provided as part of the type-approval information specified in point 2.17.2 of Annex I to Directive 2007/46/EC;

(b)


the base (complete) vehicle: the data specified in points (a), (b), (c), (d), (e), (g), (h), (i), (n) and (o) of point 1.1;

(c)


the completed vehicle: the data specified in points (a), (f), (g), (h), (j), (k), (l), (m) and (o) of point 1.1.

Where any of the data referred to in points (a) and (b) of the first subparagraph cannot be provided for the base vehicle, the Member State shall provide data with regard to the completed vehicle instead.

The format set out in Section 2 of Part C shall be used for completed N1 vehicles.

The vehicle identification number referred to in point (o) of point 1.1 shall not be made public.

2. The details referred to in point 1 shall be taken from the certificate of conformity. In the case of bi-fuelled vehicles (petrol/gas) the certificates of conformity of which bear specific emissions of CO2 values for both types of fuel, Member States shall use only the value measured for gas.

3. Member States shall, for each calendar year, determine:

(a)


the total number of new registrations of new light commercial vehicles subject to EC type-approval;

(b)


the total number of new registrations of new light commercial vehicles subject to multi-stage type-approval, where available;

(c)


the total number of new registrations of new light commercial vehicles subject to individual approval;

(d)


the total number of new registrations of new light commercial vehicles subject to national type-approval of small series.

B. Methodology for determining CO2 monitoring information for new light commercial vehicles

Monitoring information which Member States are required to determine in accordance with points 1 and 3 of Part A shall be determined in accordance with the methodology in this Part.

1. Number of new light commercial vehicles registered

Member States shall determine the number of new light commercial vehicles registered within their territory in the respective monitoring year divided into vehicles subject to EC type-approval, individual approval and national type-approval of small series and, where available, subject to multi-stage type-approval.

2. Completed vehicles

In the case of multi-stage vehicles, the specific emissions of CO2 of completed vehicles shall be allocated to the manufacturer of the base vehicle.

In order to ensure that the values of CO2 emissions, fuel efficiency and mass of completed vehicles are representative, without placing an excessive burden on the manufacturer of the base vehicle, the Commission shall come forward with a specific monitoring procedure and shall, where appropriate, make the necessary amendments to the relevant type-approval legislation.

Notwithstanding that for the purpose of the calculation of the 2020 target in accordance with point 2 of Part B of Annex I the default added mass shall be taken from Part C of this Annex, where that mass value cannot be determined, the mass in running order of the completed vehicle may be used for the provisional calculation of the specific emissions target referred to in Article 7(4).

Where the base vehicle is a complete vehicle, the mass in running order of that vehicle shall be used for the calculation of the specific emissions target. However, where that mass value cannot be determined, the mass in running order of the completed vehicle may be used for the provisional calculation of the specific emissions target.

C. Formats for transmission of data

For each year, Member States shall report the information specified in points 1 and 3 of Part A in the following format:

Section 1

Aggregated monitoring data

Member State (1)




Year




Total number of new registrations of new light commercial vehicles subject to EC type-approval




Total number of new registrations of individually approved new light commercial vehicles




Total number of new registrations of new light commercial vehicles subject to national type-approval of small series




Total number of new registrations of new light commercial vehicles subject to multi-stage type-approval (where available)





Section 2

Detailed monitoring data — one vehicle record

Reference to point 1.1 of Part A


Detailed data per vehicle registered (2)

(a)


Manufacturer name EU standard denomination (3)

Manufacturer name OEM declaration

COMPLETE VEHICLE/BASE VEHICLE (4)

Manufacturer name OEM declaration

COMPLETED VEHICLE (4)

Manufacturer name in Member State registry (3)

(b)


Type-approval number and its extension

(c)


Type

Variant

Version

(d)


Make

(e)


Category of vehicle type-approved

(f)


Category of vehicle registered

(g)


Specific emissions of CO2 (combined)

NEDC value until 31 December 2020

Specific emissions of CO2 (combined)

WLTP value

(h)


Mass in running order

BASE VEHICLE

Mass in running order

COMPLETED VEHICLE/COMPLETE VEHICLE

(i) (5)


Technically permissible maximum laden mass

(j)


Wheel base

Axle width steered axle (Axle 1)

Axle width other axle (Axle 2)

(k)


Fuel type

Fuel mode

(l)


Engine capacity (cm3)

(m)


Electric energy consumption (Wh/km)

(n)


Code of the eco-innovation(s)

Total NEDC CO2 emissions savings due to the eco-innovation(s) until 31 December 2020

Total WLTP CO2 emissions savings due to the eco-innovation(s)

(o)


Vehicle identification number

(p)


WLTP test mass

(q)


Deviation factor De (where available)

Verification factor (where available)

(r)


Vehicle family identification number

(s)


Electric range, where available

Point 2.17.2 of Annex I to Directive 2007/46/EC (6)


Default added mass (where applicable in the case of multi-stage vehicles)

[Lachende Bestien]

@ExFun
Mě by jen zajímalo, zda jste vy nebo lidé z vaší blízké sociální skupiny (rodina, přátelé) napojeni na příjmy od í jů byrokradů, ať už jakkoli - přímo jako zaměstnanec, nepřímo jako třetí strana dodávající služby/produkty, jako příjemci dotací etc.
Nejedná se o osobní útok, samozřejmě netřeba odpovídat, pokud nemáte zájem.
Prostě mi vaše mírně řečeno optimistické vidění fungování tohoto úřednického molochu připadá neobvyklé.
K íí jůů se vyjadřovat nehodlám, před spaním se vulgarity nehodí.
Snad jen obecně - čím méně úřednických hierarchických mocenských uskupení, tím lépe.

S evropským svazem na věčné časy a nikdy jinak!

[HondaMan]

LB: tohle není o osobním prospěchu. Sám bych se zařadil mezi Eurohujery byť z EU jsem přímo nezískal ani korunu a většinu institucí sponzorovaných eu nevyužívám...

čím méně úřednických hierarchických mocenských uskupení, tím lépe.

s tím souhlasím. Jen bych nerušil eu, ale, již dnes zbytné, národní autority. Následně bych v ČR zrušil obecní zastupitelstva, která zastupují pod 10T obyvatel...

[Spectral]

Jako další případ naprosto kreténské směrnice uvádím směrnici č. 2017/853/EU o kontrole nabývání a držení zbraní (české znění zde).
Směrnice má i svá pozitiva a oblast úpravy, u které měla skončit: sjednocení pravidel pro způsob znehodnocení (znehodnocovaných) zbraní a případně také unifikaci záznamů v systémech evidence údajů. Ve zbytku je to bohužel sračka, která v reakci na teroristické útoky spáchané bez výjimky nelegálními zbraněmi (samočinné/automatické zbraně, nejčastěji importované z Balkánu, pochopitelně na černo) naprosto nesmyslně postihuje legální držitele zbraní a omezuje držitelům zbrojního průkazu držení zbraní podle tak náramně logických parametrů, jako je to, jak velký zásobník je do nich vložen apod.
Nechci ExFuna nálepkovat, ale trochu se bojím, že dostanu klasickou levičáckou odpověď ve stylu, že zbraně jsou špatné a práva civilů na zbraně jsou beztak moc široká a měla by se omezit

[ExFun]

Mám to stejně jako jako Hondaman.
Původně euroskeptik, časem a zkušenostmi jsem změnil názor a chtěl bych Spojené státy Evropské a zánik národních států, které jsem nikdy nepochopil.
Výhody EU používám jako běžný občan bez finančních toků z EU.

[ExFun]

.
Nechci ExFuna nálepkovat, ale trochu se bojím, že dostanu klasickou levičáckou odpověď ve stylu, že zbraně jsou špatné a práva civilů na zbraně jsou beztak moc široká a měla by se omezit

K levicakovi mám strašně daleko. O zbraních nic nevím, nemám na to utvořeny názor, nerozumím tomu, ani důsledkům. Argument, že to omezuje svobodu je silný, ale bez toho, abych slyšel protiargumenty druhé strany si názor nevytvořím.

[Brus]

příklad, kdy EU neudělá nic pro domácí výrobce: směrnice 2014/30/EU elektromagnetická kompatibilita a k tomu FTA s Koreou : EU uznává korejské testy. Korea si nejdříve vymohla přechodné období, to už skončilo, ale oni stále neuznávají evropské zkušebny, takže pokud chcete něco prodávat do Korey, tak si to testování zaplatíte dvakrát, jednou tady pro domácí trh apodruhé tam a tady to nikoho nezajímá.

[ExFun]

Takže to je zase o tom, že EU se chová jak má a Korejci jak kurvy. Takže řešení by mělo být na straně Korei, ne? Jaký smysl dává kritizovat EU a ne Koreu?

[Honza42]

.....A k poznámce o řízení všeho - život v excelu. To nemá nic společného s levicovou ideologií. Takový hloupý a nesvobodný směrnice má každá firma nad 100 zaměstnanců a čím je větší a starší, tím jich má víc. Ćím to asi bude? A člověče znám rodiny, co si dělají i písemné rozpisy práce pro jednotlivé členy... :hm

Osobní a mými spolupracovníky potvrzená skutečnost je, že čím větší firma, tím horší spolupráce. A pokud mají hned u vchodu nástěnky a monitory, je to vlastně předem ztracené....

Ano, starší firmy jsou většinou postiženy degenerací. Fungují hlavně díky své velikosti a pákám, které díky tomu mají, nikoliv kvůli své efektivnosti. Dnes též proto, že mají kamarády, kteří umí ve velkém přesunovat veřejné peníze do soukromých kapes. Na to malé firmy nikdy nedosáhnou.
Namátkou:
https://www.e15.cz/byznys/prumysl-a-ene ... st-1325479
https://www.hlidacstatu.cz/Dotace/Hleda ... 129&Page=1

[Honza42]

Takže to je zase o tom, že EU se chová jak má a Korejci jak kurvy. Takže řešení by mělo být na straně Korei, ne? Jaký smysl dává kritizovat EU a ne Koreu?

To už si z nás ale děláš legraci. Jako kurva se vůči domácím firmám chová EU. Po domácích šlape a na mezinárodním poli svěsí ocas. Tak ať to rovnou odpíská a nedělá nic.
Jestli to nebude tím, že v oblasti elektroniky my potřebujeme je, ale oni nepotřebují nás. Pravidla určuje ten ekonomicky a technologicky vyspělejší.